> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://phidatainc-redirect-agent-platform-overview.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Deeply Nested Workflow (3 Levels)

> Three levels of workflow nesting with parallel branches at level 2.

```python theme={null}
from agno.agent import Agent
from agno.models.openai import OpenAIChat
from agno.workflow import Parallel
from agno.workflow.step import Step
from agno.workflow.types import StepInput, StepOutput
from agno.workflow.workflow import Workflow


def merge_results(step_input: StepInput) -> StepOutput:
    """Merge content from previous steps."""
    prev = step_input.previous_step_content or ""
    return StepOutput(content=f"Merged: {prev[:500]}")


# Level 3: Mini-workflows for individual research tasks
data_agent = Agent(
    name="Data Agent",
    model=OpenAIChat(id="gpt-4o-mini"),
    instructions="Gather raw data and statistics on the topic. Be concise (2-3 sentences).",
)

analysis_agent = Agent(
    name="Analysis Agent",
    model=OpenAIChat(id="gpt-4o-mini"),
    instructions="Analyze the data provided. Identify key trends. Be concise (2-3 sentences).",
)

data_workflow = Workflow(
    name="Data Collection",
    description="Collects and analyzes raw data",
    steps=[
        Step(name="gather", agent=data_agent),
        Step(name="analyze", agent=analysis_agent),
    ],
)

opinion_agent = Agent(
    name="Opinion Agent",
    model=OpenAIChat(id="gpt-4o-mini"),
    instructions="Provide expert opinion and perspective on the topic. Be concise (2-3 sentences).",
)

opinion_workflow = Workflow(
    name="Expert Opinion",
    description="Gathers expert perspectives",
    steps=[Step(name="opinion", agent=opinion_agent)],
)

# Level 2: Research workflow with parallel Level 3 workflows
level2_workflow = Workflow(
    name="Comprehensive Research",
    description="Runs data collection and expert opinion in parallel",
    steps=[
        Parallel(
            Step(name="data_branch", workflow=data_workflow),
            Step(name="opinion_branch", workflow=opinion_workflow),
            name="parallel_research",
        ),
        Step(name="merge", executor=merge_results),
    ],
)

# Level 1: Outermost workflow
writer = Agent(
    name="Writer",
    model=OpenAIChat(id="gpt-4o-mini"),
    instructions="Write a polished short paragraph synthesizing all research provided.",
)

outer_workflow = Workflow(
    name="Full Pipeline",
    description="3-level nested workflow: research (parallel mini-workflows) -> write",
    steps=[
        Step(name="research", workflow=level2_workflow),
        Step(name="write", agent=writer),
    ],
)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    outer_workflow.print_response(
        input="What is the future of renewable energy?",
        stream=True,
    )
```

## Run the Example

```bash theme={null}
git clone https://github.com/agno-agi/agno.git
cd agno/cookbook/04_workflows/06_advanced_concepts/workflow_as_a_step

pip install agno openai

python deeply_nested_workflow.py
```